Acaricidal efficacy of ethanol extract of nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco) against hyalomma anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Houida Mokhtar Taerab, Shawgi Mohamad Hassan, Elgailani Ali Elamin

Abstract


Ticks are important ectoparasites of livestock, causing considerable economic losses beyond their role as vectors of various diseases. While chemical acaricides are commonly used for tick control, their application is associated with risks such as toxicity, environmental hazards, and resistance development. These challenges necessitate the exploration of alternative solutions, that are safer and more environmentally compatible. This study evaluates the acaricidal activity of ethanol extracts of Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco) against all life stages of the hard tick Hyalomma anatolicum using egg hatchability test and the immersion method. The extract was tested in three replicates of 2, 4, and 8% concentrations. Complete inhibition of egg hatching occurred at the 8% concentration. The extract exhibited lethal effects across all flat stages of H. anatolicum. The LC95 on flat stages of larvae, nymphs and adults was 5.5, 7.59 and 8.41, respectively.  The engorged larvae completely failed to molt into nymphs. The extract significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced molting of engorged nymphs and inhibited egg laying of the engorged female, with a notable lethal effect (33.8%) observed at the 2% concentration. These findings demonstrate the potential of N. rustica extract as a promising botanical acaricide, offering an eco-friendly and effective alternative for tick management. Further research is needed to elucidate its mode of action and evaluate its long-term viability in field applications.


Keywords


Acaricidal Efficacy, Hyalomma anatolicum, Nicotiana rustica, Ticks, Wild Tobacco

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References


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